State Authority and Public Trust in National Zakāh Management: Historical Lessons, Fiqh Discourse, and International Comparison
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47312/aifer.v3i2.170Abstract
The aspect of zakāh management or administration is not regulated extensively in Islamic law. Since the dawn of Islam, zakāh management has become the field of ijtihād based on mashlaḥah. And today, the practice of zakāh management in contemporary Muslim countries has been incarnating a wider area of experiment. In contemporary Indonesia, the Law Number 23 Year 2011 concerning Zakāh Management has been passed. This law, which become effective since 2016, caused upheaval within national Islamic philanthropy sector since it regulates national zakāh management currently dominated by civil society, based on “classical fiqh opinion” that only the state has authority to manage zakāh. This paper lift up an important conclusion that zakāh management entirely by the state is not be in effect unconditionally, but with many of qualifications. Moreover, the effectiveness of zakāh management by state relies heavily on the level of public trust against government, not by enforcement of the state. Zakāh management by the state is merely an instrument, not the goal itself. The ultimate objective that must be pursued is the delivery of zakāh to those who deserve it with optimum benefits.Downloads
References
Ahmed, Habib. (2004). “Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation”, IRTI-IDB Occasional Paper, No. 8.
el-Ashker, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah and M. Sirajul Haq. (Eds). (1995). Institutional Framework of Zakah: Dimensions and Implications. Jeddah: IRTI-IDB, 1995.
Bearman, P.J., et. al. (Eds.). (2002). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition, Vol. XI, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. (2011). “Daftar Inventaris Masalah Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Pengelolaan Zakāh, Infaq dan Shodaqoh”.
Fauzia, Amelia. (2013). Faith and the State: a History of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
al-Ghazâlî, Abû Hâmid. (1994). Ihyâ’ ‘Ulûm al-Dîn (Indonesian Translation), Vol. 2, Semarang: CV Asy-Syifa’.
Gibb, H.A.R., et. al. (Eds.). (1986). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition, Vol. I, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
al-Haritsi, Jaribah Ibn Ahmad. (2006). Al-Fiqh Al-Iqtishâdi Li Amîr al-Mu’minîn ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khaththâb, (Indonesian Translation). Jakarta: Khalifa.
Imtiazi, I.A., et. al. (Eds). (1989). Management of Zakah in Modern Muslim Society., Jeddah: IRTI-IDB.
IRTI and Thomson Reuters. (2015). Islamic Social Finance Report 2014. Jeddah: IRTI.
Islahi, Abdul Azim. (1988). Economic Concepts of Ibn Taimîyah, Leicester: The Islamic Foundation.
Kahf, Monzer. (1993). “Zakah Management in Some Muslim Countries”, IRTI-IDB Background Paper, No. 11.
al-Mâwardî. (2014). al-Ahkâm al-Sulthâniyyah (Indonesian Translation), Jakarta: Qisthi Press.
PEBS FEUI dan IMZ. (2009). Indonesia Zakāh and Development Report 2010. Ciputat: IMZ.
al-Qardhâwî, Yûsuf. (1988). Fiqh al- Zakâh (Indonesian
Translation). Bogor: Pustaka Litera AntarNusa.
al-Qâsim, Abû ‘Ubayd. (2009). al-Amwâl (Indonesian Translation), Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 38 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakāh.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakāh.
Sadeq, Abu Al-Hasan. (1994). “A Survey of The Institution of Zakah: Issues, Theories and Administration”, IRTI-IDB Discussion Paper, No. 11.
Salim, Arskal. (2008). Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Scott, James C. (1987). ”Resistance Without Protest and Without Organization: Peasant Opposition to the Islamic Zakāh and the Christian Tithe”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 417-452.
Suharto, Ugi. (2005). Kitâb al-Amwâl: Abû ‘Ubayd’s Concept of Public Finance, Kualalumpur: The International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization - International Islamic University Malaysia.
as-Suyuthi, Jalaluddin. (2008). Lubâb al-Nuqûl fî Asbâb al-Nuzûl (Indonesian Translation). Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.
Wibisono, Yusuf. (2015). Mengelola Zakāh Indonesia: Diskursus Pengelolaan Zakāh Nasional dari Rezim UU No. 38/1999 ke Rezim UU No. 23/2011. Jakarta: Prenada Media.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).